Drug Addiction Drugs And Drugs - 1017 Words

In today’s society, it is now normal to know somebody who has a drug addiction especially to opiates. A drug addiction is a mental disorder that the person can no longer control their actions. The person addicted to the drug will no longer care about the outcome of their actions as long as they can get that high they are seeking. **from textbook pg. 303** â€Å"Opioids are classified as narcotics- strongly addictive drugs that have pain relieving and sleep-inducing properties. Opioids include both naturally occurring opiates (morphine, heroin, codeine) derived from the poppy plant and synthetic drugs (Demerol, Vicodin) that have opiate-like effects.† A person who is addicted to a drug, especially opiates, may try to cut back or even stop†¦show more content†¦Of course it has negative things associated with it itself. Methadone is also addicting, so the person who is using it can easily abuse it. If methadone is used as prescribed, it does not create that high feeling and there is not a possibility of the person becoming addicted to it. The person using methadone would have to take higher dosages purposely than suggested, they would get a high feeling, and just like their original drug addiction to opiates, they could then become addicted to methadone. The most common treatment plan would be an inpatient residential treatment plan. **from website** â€Å"Licensed residential treatment facilities offer 24-hour structured and intensive care, including safe housing and medical attention. Residential treatment facilities may use a variety of therapeutic approaches, and they are generally aimed at helping the patient live a drug-free, crime-free lifestyle after treatment.† Normally if you go into the treatment facilities it is either short term that is on an average 90 days or more long term stays from 6 months to a year. This type of treatment plan is the best in my opinion and the most successful. The drug addict would have 24-hour observation, drug screening, counseling including group and private. Also in these facilities, the drug addict would have medical personal their 24/7 also in case of health care emergencies. The specific goals a person should reach with this type of treatment plan are stopping the use of drugs,Show MoreRelatedDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesWhen people first hear the word drug, they think of illicit drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine. They also think about the user and sometimes why they use. One thing that is overlooked by the public is the treatment programs that are available to drug users. There is a stigma in our society around drug use that is very negative. Many believe that people that do drugs do them just to do them and even if this is true in some cases, no one wakes up one morning and decides that today is the dayRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs1363 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Addiction According to National Institute on Drug Abuse, iIn 2013, a survey reported that an estimated 24.6 million Americans aged 12 or older had used an illegal drug in the past month. The first time someone uses a drug, it is usually voluntary. This first use is usually to mask certain emotions that they are currently going through. Repeated use can lead to changes in the brain that challenge an addict’s self control and interfere with their ability to resist the temptation of a drug, thisRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs1599 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Addiction Drugs is one of the biggest problems that the world has. It is everywhere in the world and it is one of the most common problems that the government wants to overcome. Many people have become addicted and that’s one of the many causes why many of the drug addicts lose their families. Having an addiction takes time to control within yourself. There are centers of rehabilitation that are very helpful and could show how to overcome a drug addiction. Getting help from others can by helpfulRead MoreDrug Addiction and Drugs1219 Words   |  5 PagesDrugs Addiction Miami Beach Senior High Ashley Gonzalez Ms. Cooper/Mr.Sussman English II-Period Three 06 March 2013 Drugs Addiction Topic and Thesis Statement Miami Beach Senior High Topic: Drugs Thesis Statement: In an examination of drugs I will discuss causes of this disease/or social dilemma. I will also discuss the effect of drugs on individuals, families and society. Read MoreThe Drug Of Drug Addiction Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesmy older brother struggle with drug addiction has taught me more in my life than anything else. He was a smart kid with a good head on his shoulders.   As he grew older he made some unwise choices with regard to substance abuse that quickly turned into a full blown addiction lasting over five years and landed him in and out of four different rehabs.   He was striving to get clean, but every time he took one step forward he fell three steps back.   Taylor entered Drug Court, after finding himself inRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug Addiction2146 Words   |  9 PagesCounty realized that simply sending drug addicted offenders to prison often meant these same faces would reappear back in court shortly after being released on parole. They realized that the drug addiction crisis in their community might be the cause. These professionals attempted to figure out a way to treat this individuals in order to help them rejoin s ociety instead of being stuck in a cycle of reoffending. They worked together to establish the first Drug Treatment Court. This program was theRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug Addiction1932 Words   |  8 PagesDrug Addiction is a problem all around the world that affects families, friends and strangers. It all starts with one puff, snort or drink. There are several different drugs in the world that have affected people with drug abuse. There are two different common drug abuses. Long and Short term drug abuse. There are also many different drugs. Pain Pills are a very common drug that is used in society these days. Most pain pill drug addictions are long term. A long term drug addiction can put a varietyRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drug Abuse Essay1615 Words   |  7 Pages this drug is extremely addictive and has been illegal in the United States for many years. Although many individuals seem to discover a way to obtain this very lethal drug. Even though, heroin is highly addictive and used by choice by an individual with a drug addiction; the number of deaths from Heroin is escalating daily, to the point where more than 26 overdoses in one day maybe even more. This epidemic needs to be put to a halt. Despite the fact the focus was on prescription addiction increaseRead MoreDrug Abuse And Drug Addiction1257 Words   |  6 Pages Drugs had been existing since the early 15th century and society has confronted drug abuse and addiction ever since. In the modern world, drug abuse has become a problem for many individuals do to traumatic experiences, mental disorders, peer pressure and personal problems. For every addiction there is always a solution, professional assistance can help a drug addict get control of his/her life once again. Drug rehabilitation programs can be essential for drug addicts only if the victims are committedRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Heroin Addiction1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe arguments for whether or not to prescribe heroin to treat heroin addictions are controversial. Henden and Baeroe (2015) state both sides of the arguments being that some believe â€Å"it is in the nature of heroin addiction for individuals to lose their ability to resist their desire for heroin,† which knowing the nature of chemical dependency, heroin addicts would not refuse any heroin, so it stil l possibly an invalid consent to research participation as they did not have a free choice to really

The Hawthorne Effect - 716 Words

University of Phoenix Material TEAM C The Hawthorne Effect History and definition of Hawthorne Effect | The Hawthorne Effect was first discovered in the 1920s and 1930s, during a research program studying productivity among workers at the Western Electrical Company’s Hawthorne Works in Chicago (McCartney et. al, 2007). It was observed that no matter what circumstantial changes were made, the productivity of the workers increased. This observation was hypothesized as workers performance increased due to an increase of individual attention. In today’s research, the Hawthorne effect is a form of reactivity where individuals alter their behavior to highlight improved aspects of their characteristics during observation. | Example†¦show more content†¦| Strategies to avoid the Hawthorne Effect (at least two) | The Hawthorne Effect appears when we measure employee attitudes or behaviors – when people know they’re being measured, they modify their behavior.One strategy to avoid the Hawthorne Effect would be by r educing the overall measurement effort and accounting for Hawthorne distortion, one can measure less and get a lot more value from the effort. Here are three keys to effective measurement: * Measure what is objectively measurable. Judgment isn’t only objectively measurable. * Measure only what you hope to control. Have in mind actions you can take that directly influence trends in whatever you measure. * Understand the Hawthorne Effect: if people know they’re being measured, they alter their behavior to optimize the measurement (Brenner, 2012).Another strategy to avoid the Hawthorne Effect is by simply doing any measurement by discretion. To do this simply take measurements that are outside the awareness of most of the employees. Depending on the situation, the interpretation can give you some results very clearly or the specific situation. Things to measure are: * Voluntary turnover rate * Company Facebook complaint gripes * Number of sick days and va cation days used (percentage) * Employee Fueds * Percentage of Lateness of employees in days/dollars (Brenner,Show MoreRelatedHawthorne Effect1192 Words   |  5 Pagesthat it was up to the managers to analysis tasks at hand to identify whether or not they could be performed more effectively. One of the most criticised and controversial investigations ever undertaken on workplace relations was known as the Hawthorne Effect. These studies were undertaken at the Bell Telephone Western Electric Manufacturing Plant in Chicago. The studies began in 1924 and continued through until the Depression in 1932. The purpose of the studies was to gain an insight on whether aRead MoreThe Hawthorne s Effect On Human Relations1506 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of Concept The Hawthorne effect is the tendency when people are monitored, watched, or treated differently within a setting they tend to work harder. They may change their behavior due to the attention they are receiving from supervisors rather than manipulation of independent variables. The Hawthorne test studies began in 1924-1933 in three stages at Western Electric Company in Cicero, Illinois. Under the supervision of Elton Mayo, who was an industrial research professor at Harvard UniversityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Experiment Management And The Worker 1485 Words   |  6 Pagesthe experiment report â€Å"management and the worker† in 1939(Gillespie, 1991) the Hawthorne studies have been playing an important role in management, psychology and sociology. Hawthorne studies were the foundation for the modern day management thinking. Hawthorne studies have been subject to many criticisms but it produced the fundamental changes in the development of management thoughts. The great contribu tion Hawthorne studies made to the development of modern management these experiments are identifiedRead MoreImpact Of Management On The Development Of Organizational Behaviour1632 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hawthorne studies were initiated in 1924 by the management of the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company in Chicago (Levitt List 2011). The Studies are referred to as the â€Å"behavior modifying effects of being the subject of social investigation† (Wickstorm Bendix 2000). The leading man behind the experiments Elton Mayo developed the study to make further inquiry into what factors affect productivity in the workplace. Ever since the studies were conducted between 1927 and 1933 (WickstormRead MoreThe Social Sciences Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hawthorne Studies is one of the most well-known series of experiments of the social sciences in industrial history. The objective of the experiments were to establish how an individual is influenced not only by their own abilities, but by their working environment and the people they work with, both fellow workers and supervisors. To gain a better understanding of what the Hawthorne studies were, why they were conducted, and how they have impacted management practices, one must first understandRead MoreElton Mayo Contribution to Management and Hr in Particular.1493 Words   |  6 PagesMANAGEMENT IN PARTICULAR. The Hawthorne Experiments and Human Behavior Elton Mayos studies grew out of preliminary experiments at the Hawthorne plant from 1924 to 1927 on the effect of light on productivity. Those experiments showed no clear connection between productivity and the amount of illumination but researchers began to wonder what kind of changes would influence output. Variables Affecting Productivity Specifically, Elton Mayo wanted to find out what effect fatigue and monotony had on jobRead MoreEssay hawthrone studies892 Words   |  4 Pages Hawthorne Studies The Hawthorne Studies, conducted at Western Electrics Hawthorne plant outside Chicago, starting in 1924 and running through 1936, were intended to bring about a greater understanding of the effects of working conditions on worker productivity. The results of the experiments were contrary to the management theory of the time (Scientific Management), and were key in bringing about an understanding of motivation factors in employment Basically, a series of studies on the productivityRead MoreThe Human Relations Movement Of George Elton Mayo949 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Hawthorne study. Two of the main aspects of the study centered around illumination in the work place and varying levels of break time and work hours (Wickstrà ¶m, 2000). The illumination study consisted of four different experiments over the course of three years. In each experiement, there was a control group and a study group. In the varying studies, the researchers experimented with varying levels of light and varying sequences of increasing and decreasing the level of light (â€Å"Hawthorne effect†)Read MoreEssay about Hawthorne Studies1529 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will review the writings of â€Å"Hawthorne, the myth of the docile worker, and class bias in psychology† an article by D. Bramel and R. Friend. It will then go on to further critique academic articles that both support and disagree with the primary source and demonstrate how the Hawthorne studies have influenced contemporary organizations. The Hawthorne experimental studies conducted at the Western Electric Company Works has attracted considerable amounts of sharp critical scrutiny; itRead MoreHawthorne Studies1495 Words   |  6 Pagesorganisation growth. In 1924, Hawthorne Studies was first initiated by the Western Electrical Company and National Academy of Science to study on the relation of quality and quantity of illumination to efficiency in industry which is known as Illumination studies.(Roethlisberger amp; Dickson, 2003, pg 14). From 1927-1933, a series of experiments were conducted once again at Western Electric Work and analyzed by Professor George Elton Mayo who is famous for Hawthorne Effects after the failure for the

Competitive Environment and Strategy risk - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Environment and Strategy risk. Answer: Introduction Abu Dhabi National Hotels was founded for almost four decades ago and in recent years has evolved as largest hospitality sector whose prime focus was restaurants, hotels, catering and transportation services (Adnh.com 2017). It can be stated that Abu Dhabi National Hotels was founded with the investment of three other hotels which were acquired from the government policies. The financial statement has been prepared by complying with the provisions of UAE laws. It can be stated that by observing the financial statement of Abu Dhabi National Hotels between 2013 and 2017 there has been steady growth in the cash flow section however it can be observed that there is a decline in the profit margin. Figure: 1 [Financial Statement of Abu Dhabi National Hotels]. [Source: Adnh.com. 2017]. It can be observed that after evaluating the abovementioned financial statement, the annual financial statement of the Abu Dhabi National Hotels has been prepared by considering the key ratios. It can be observed that in 2017 there is a gradual decline in revenue rates and operating income. In this context it can be noticed that the working capital has also declined as compared to 2016. FINANCIALS 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Revenue 1,196 1,322 1,740 1,803 1,749 Gross-Margins 31.3 34.8 34.4 24.1 25.3 Operating Income 293 476 556 419 307 Operating Margin 24.5 36.0 31.9 23.2 17.6 Net Income 293 472 293 433 305 Dividends 0.20 0.20 0.25 Payroll Ratio --- --- --- --- 46.5 Shares 713 720 1,000 1,000 1,000 Operating cash flow 323 383 556 572 449 Free Cash Flow 222 170 556 -56 -1,700 Free Cash Flow Per Share --- --- --- --- -0.06 Working Capital 951 1,020 615 426 145 Figure: 2 [Current Financial Statements of Abu Dhabi National Hotels]. [Source: Created by the Author]. Competitive environment of Abu Dhabi National Hotels: The chain of hotels owned by the Abu Dhabi National Hotels from the very beginning has been attracting huge customers from Emirate and beyond. It can be stated that the company from time immemorial is focused on attracting white collar customers as well as customers from other parts of the world as well (El-Amrousi and Biln 2013). The companies providing tough competition to the Abu Dhabi National Hotels are Kimpton Hotels and Restaurants, Hamilton Island and Vantage Hospitality Group. It can be observed that several issues were faced by the Abu Dhabi National Hotels regarding its competition in the global economy due to the emergence of the number of competitors in the sector of business and leisure (Ahmad and Saber 2015). Figure: 3 [Customer segmentation of Abu Dhabi National Hotels]. [Source: Created by the Author]. Applying the concept of Strategy on the vision of Abu Dhabi National Hotels: The vision of Abu Dhabi National Hotels is: We have been the pioneers of the hospitality industry in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and, for almost four decades, our endeavors have opened numerous avenues for others to follow. The companys strategy has undergone major changes due to recent issues on recession. The management has widely focused on the aggressive expansion strategy and is planning to venture new hotels in its portfolio. It can be stated that the management retained focus on the hospitality sector giving further importance to the promotion of tourism (Henderson 2014). The Abu Dhabi National Hotel in collaboration with the Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority would involve in the promotion of overseas tourism by offering special summer holidays packages in order to attract large number of tourists from the GCC countries (Kumar and Waheed 2014). It was observed that one of the most important tourists market for Abu Dhabi National Hotels are the GCC markets which is expected to expand in near future. Figure 4: [Strategic Plan of the Abu Dhabi National Hotels]. [Source: Created by the Author]. Applying Porters Five Forces to the competitive environment of Abu Dhabi National Hotels: Porters Five Forces Analysis Power 1) Threat of new entrants. The threat is definitely high for a new entrant in the hotel industry because of the presence of many other companies in the global markets. High. 2) Bargaining power of buyers. The customers of UAE do not possess buying power to that extent due to the presence of large number of hotels. Low. 3) Bargaining power of suppliers. The suppliers do not have significant bargaining power. Medium. 4) Threat of substitutes. The threat of substitute products and services are relatively low. Low. 5) Degree of rivalry. Strong competition exists among the established rivals in the market which can prove to be serious threat. High Figure: 5 [Porters Five Forces]. [Source: Created by the Author]. The Abu Dhabi National Hotels is an established industry in United Arab Emirates however such established sector may face threats from new entrants (Ahmad and Saber 2015). It can be stated that on the other hand it becomes quite challenging for the new entrant to enter into the market structure and keep pace with the globally established sectors. In order to survive in the competitive market it is important that new entrants should emerge through merger or acquisition (Henderson 2014). There exists strong completion among different rivals however the most important among them is Burj Al Arab. The threat of substitutes is low in case of hotel industry however Abu Dhabi National Hotels has been providing its customers with various alternatives from time to time (El-Amrousi and Biln 2013). The customer loyalty is high and therefore the threat of substitutes is relatively low. The customers do not have the bargaining power due to the presence of large number of hotel industry in United A rab Emirates (Jasra et al. 2012). The bargaining power of suppliers can be defined in the presence of large number of buyers for any product. In case of Abu Dhabi National Hotels the suppliers can be raw material suppliers or real decorators (Kumar and Waheed 2014). These are the basic requirements and therefore the suppliers do not have significant role in bargaining. Emirates Airlines The Emirates Airlines is based in Dubai and is a subsidiary of the Emirates Group, which is wholly owned by the Government of Dubais Investment Corporation. The Emirates Airlines was founded in 1985, when the Gulf-Air began to cut back its services to Dubai and it is the largest Airlines in the Middle-East (Emirates, 2018). The airline has a route up to 102 countries worldwide and owns 142 fleets at present and provides great and exceptional services (Daft and Albers 2013). In the last 17 years it has earned huge profit and as a result the revenue increased considerable which can be observed in the diagram presented below. The diagram shows the financial performance of the Emirates Airlines since last two years quarterly. Financial Highlights 2016-2017 2014-2015 Change in Percentage Revenue and other operating income 67,394 57,224 17.8 Operating profit 2,606 Operating margin 3.9 3.9 10.9 Profit attributable to the Owner 2,310 2,310 5,951 Profit margin 3.4 3.4 10.4 Return on shareholder funds 7.2 28.4 21.2(pts) Total assets 84,127 17,402 17.8 Cash assets 17,586 16,056 9.5 Employee data ----- ----- ---- Average employee strength 42,422 38,797 9.3 Other results 3.9 10.4 61.2 Figure: 1 [Financial Statement of Emirates Airlines]. [Source: Cdn.ek.aero. 2017]. However, the airline relies heavily on International Onward Moving Traffic and remains under intense pressure, which can be stated as one of the major issues of competition. Moreover, the increasing fuel costs and changing Government policies poses as a major threat to the Emirates Airlines (Uddin, Halbouni and Raj 2014). In recent trends the addition of new and popular destinations and joint venture alliances with International players can improve customer confidence and create new opportunities for this Airline. Competitive Environment The Emirates Airline belongs to a highly competitive environment with other fast growing airlines like Qatar Airways and Etihad Airways. These two airways are rapidly growing and giving high competition to the Emirates Airline (Adler and Gellman 2012). The two airlines provide air tickets for various destinations at a low cost, which are currently attracting many customers. However, the Emirates Airlines has been adopting various cost policy as well to compete with these airlines. Figure: 2 [Revenue rates of Emirates Airline]. [Source: Cdn.ek.aero. 2017]. Applying the Mergers and Acquisition approach in the business strategy of Emirates There are various approaches to strategic business management and one of them is the Mergers and Acquisition approach. The merger and acquisition approach is a business strategy adopted by organizations to increase its revenue. When two organizations enter a merger, they provide their services as one, which results in benefits of both the organizations. The Emirates Airlines, in order to hold its market and profit margins, adopts mergers with other airlines. One of them is the merger with Qantas Airlines. Qantas, in one hand, has been struggling to compete with the other airlines and suffered a loss of $450 million and the merger is likely to increase its earnings by $90 million. For Emirates, the merger with Qantas will help in further expansion of its resources and business and result in increasing the profit margins (Uddin, Halbouni and Raj 2014). Moreover, it will help Emirates in covering various new and popular destinations and access to more customer altogether. This is an effective business strategy as it widens the scope of business and helps in facing the increasing competition worldwide (Daft and Albers 2013). The merger will result in more choices to the customers to fly to destinations including Australia, New Zealand and UK with a choice of 3 hub options namely, Dubai, Perth and Singapore (Jasra et al. 2012). Furthermo re, the combined network offers over 2000 routes for Qantas flyers as well. Transformation Initiative Annual Benefits Improving fleet economics through Reconfiguration $70-90m Deepening and broadening Alliances $20-30m Extra-major loss routes $100-120m Streamlining heavy maintenance and Engineering $70-100m Modernizing catering practices and Airport operations $20-50m Figure: 4 [The objectives of the Emirates-Qantas merger]. [Source: Created by the Author]. Applying the Key Success factors approach on Emirates Airlines competition environment There are certain factors in the airline industry to ensure successful performance. Emirates has adopted this approach for successful business operation however it should ensure that the employees are well trained in order to manage customers and meet their expectations (Kumar and Waheed 2014). Airlines should focus on providing standard products and services to the customers by promoting new and attractive offers. The other factors are maximization of revenue by making new polices on prices, managing expenses, income and investment (Jasra et al. 2012). The Emirates Airlines has focused in all these areas and has been successful in emerging as one of the most popular airlines in the global market. The factors affecting the operational performance of the Emirates Airlines has been explained with the help of the table below. It can be observed that the operating statistics of Emirates have increased in recent years from 2014 to 2015. There has been considerable increase in the Aircraft numbers and the carrying capacity increased from last year to 33,981. Emirates Operating Statistics 2016-2017 2014-2015 Change in Percentage Passengers Carried 33,981 31,442 8.1 Cargo Carried 1,796 1,767 1.6 Passenger Seat Factor 80.0 80.0 --- Overall Capacity 35,467 32,057 10.6 Available Seat Kilometers 200,687 182,757 9.8 Aircraft (number) 169 148 14.2 Figure: 5 [Operational Performance of Emirates Airlines]. [Source: Created by the Author]. The Key Success approach is one of the approaches used for analyzing the competition of an organization. This approach aims at finding certain areas in which satisfactory will ensure and result in successful performance of an organization. In the context of the Airline industry, there are certain key success factors, which are described in the given diagram: People High-caliber staff is required for such service-oriented business. Training programs focusing on front-line, communicative skills with customers and internal employee management problem. Solving customer oriented problems while focusing on improvement objectives are the essential ingredients. Service Product/Promotions The actual product aircraft seating space, aircraft type and the class of service offerings must be competitive. Route System The airline route system is important in evaluating critical success factors. Revenue/Cost Control Maximizing revenue through innovative and competitive pricing schemes would prove to be beneficial in attracting customers. Financial Management In order to measure profitability it is essential to consider net-unit revenue. Figure: 6 [Key Success factors of Airline Industry]. [Source: Created by the Author]. References: Adler, N. and Gellman, A., 2012. Strategies for managing risk in a changing aviation environment.Journal of air transport management,21, pp.24-35. Adnh.com. (2017).Overview - Abu Dhabi National Hotels. Ahmad, S.Z. and Saber, H., 2015. Understanding marketing strategies with particular reference to small-and medium-sized hotel businesses in the United Arab Emirates.Tourism and Hospitality Research,15(2), pp.115-129. Daft, J. and Albers, S., 2013. A conceptual framework for measuring airline business model convergence.Journal of Air Transport Management,28, pp.47-54. El-Amrousi, M. and Biln, J., 2013. Abu Dhabi: Global Changes and Competing Visions of Modernity.GSTF Journal of Engineering Technology (JET),2(2), p.84. Emirates. (2018).Government affairs | About us | Emirates. [online] Available at: https://www.emirates.com/english/about-us/government-affairs.aspx [Accessed 1 Jan. 2018]. Henderson, J.C., 2014. Global Gulf cities and tourism: A review of Abu Dhabi, Doha and Dubai.Tourism Recreation Research,39(1), pp.107-114. Jasra, J.M., Hunjra, A.I., Rehman, A.U., Azam, R.I. and Khan, M.A., 2012. Determinants of business success of small and medium enterprises. Kumar, B.R. and Waheed, K.A., 2014. Determinants of dividend policy: Evidence from GCC market.Accounting and Finance Research,4(1), p.17. Uddin, M.H., Halbouni, S. and Raj, M., 2014. Performance of government-linked firms listed on two stock exchanges of the United Arab Emirates: An empirical study.Emerging Markets Finance and Trade,50(sup1), pp.212-236.